NVIDIA Federated Learning Application Runtime Environment (NVFLARE) is the software that enables multiple institutions to collaboratively train AI models without sharing raw data. Each institution trains locally and shares only model updates with a central coordinator. NVFLARE is used in healthcare (multi-hospital AI model training without sharing patient records), finance (collaborative fraud detection models), and research (multi-institutional scientific AI). The federated learning architecture creates a distinct attack surface — one where network participants have legitimate access to a shared training infrastructure, where the trust boundary between participants and the coordinator must be software-enforced, and where the consequences of a security failure extend to every institution in the federation.